TO USE OR PRINT this presentation click : http://videosliders.com/r/1197 ============================================================== Top ten monuments in modern architecture ,Outline Introduction Part I. Modern Architecture Part II. Top ten Conclusion References ,Introduction As the 20th century began modern architects believed it was necessary to invent an architecture that expressed the spirit of a new age and would surpass the styles, materials, and technologies of earlier architecture Their aesthetic celebrated function in all forms of design, household furnishings, ocean liners and new flying machines Modern architecture also challenged traditional ideas about the types of structures suitable for architectural design Important civic buildings, aristocratic palaces, churches, and public institutions had long been the mainstay of architectural practices, but modernist designers argued that architects should design all that was necessary for society, even the most humble buildings ,Part I. Modern architecture Modern Architecture, the buildings and building practices of the late 19th and the 20th centuries Modern architects reacted against the architecture of the 19th century, which they felt borrowed too heavily from the past Italian architect Antonio Sant'Elia resoundingly rejected traditional architecture in his Futurist Manifesto of 1914 (Futurism) He called for each generation to build its houses anew and celebrated glass, steel, and concrete as the materials to make this possible In the United States Frank Lloyd Wright also rejected 19th-century European architecture ,Part I. Modern architecture Developments in two materials—iron and concrete—formed the technological basis for much modern architecture Steel for construction also became abundantly available in the 19th century In 1892 French engineer François Hennebique combined the strengths of both in a new system of construction based on concrete reinforced with steel His invention made possible previously unimaginable effects: extremely thin walls with large areas of glass Architects in Chicago, Illinois, were the first to exploit the possibilities offered by the elevator in combination with the new steel and concrete technologies ,Part I. Modern architecture The collective response of a diverse group of architects to the reconstruction of the city led to the development of the skyscraper Architect William Le Baron Jenney devised a solution to the problem of fireproof construction for tall buildings by substituting steel in the structural system for cast iron Art Nouveau, which flourished in Europe between 1890 and 1910, was one of the earliest (and shortest-lived) efforts to develop an original style for the modern age In the three centers of art nouveau—Barcelona, Spain; Brussels, Belgium; and Paris, France—architects struggled to define a style with distinctly local characteristics ,Part II. Top ten Here are presented 10 of the most famous monuments and buildings of the 20th century in the West Tower Bridge in London, La Defense and Pompidou Center in Paris, Sidney Opera House in Australia, the Golden Gate in San Francisco, the Empire State Building in New York, the Glass pyramid of the Louvre, the Arch in Saint Louis, Brasilia and the CN Tower in Toronto ,Tower Bridge Built between 1886 and 1894, bridge on the Thames River in London, near the Tower of London, one of the city's principal landmarks It was the only movable bridge crossing the Thames when it was completed in 1894. Sir Horace Jones designed the bridge, and Sir John Wolfe Barry built it 150,000 vehicles cross it every day. Over 900 times a year the roadway parts and lifts to let tall ships, cruise liners and other large craft pass through t was a hydraulically operated bridge, using steam to power the enormous pumping engines; since 1976 they have been driven by oil and electricity rather than steam ,LaDéfense Modern architectural development to the west of central Paris, the largest concentration of tall buildings in Europe Begun in 1958, the complex consists predominantly of office buildings Dominating L

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